GMW 14162-2011

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1 Scope

Note: Nothing in this standard supercedesapplicable laws and regulations.

Note: In the event of conflict between the Englishand domestic language, the English language shalltake precedence.

1.1 Purpose.This test method shall be used todetermine the effects of weathering using a xenon-arc lamp source (artificial sunlight) to simulateextreme environmental canditions encounteredinside a vehicle due to sunlight, heat and humidity.

This method shall be used to evaluate thecolorfastness, as well as being the artificialweathering method to evaluate degradation.

This method describes four possible exposurecycles:

Method A. Light and Dark Exposure Cycle(100 ℃, 420 nm). The cycle alternates betweenlight and dark periods. This cycle is based onIS0 105-B06 exposure condition Number Three.

Method B.Light Only Exposure Cycle (100 ℃, 300 to 400 nm). This cycle is based onISO 105-B06 exposure condition Number Three.

Method C. Light Only Exposure Cycle (115 ℃, 300 to 400 nm). This cycle is based onIS0 105-B06 exposure condition Number One.

Method D. Light and Dark Exposure (89 ℃,340 nm). The cycle alternates between light anddark periods. This cycle is based on IS0 105-B06exposure condition Number Five(SAE J1885/SAE J2412 equivalent withSAE J2413 as the companion document).

1.2Foreword.This test method was developed bythe Global Textile Team to create a commonmethod for evaluating colorfastness to artificialweathering.

1.3 Applicability. Not applicable.

2 References

Note: Only the latest approved standards areapplicable unless otherwise specified.

2.1External Standards/Specifications.

ISO 105-A02

ISO 105-B06

ISO 4892-1

SAE J1885

SAE J2412

SAE J2413

SAE 12414

2.2 GM Standards/Specifications.

GMW6992

2.3Additional References.None.

3 Resources

3.1 Facilities. Not applicable.

3.2Equipment.

3.2.1 Method A. Test equipment. according toISO 105-B06. with the following machine setupshall be used:

3.2.1.1Filters.

Inner filter: Type S Borosilicate

Outer filter: Soda Lime

Appendix A defines the Spectral Power distributionfor Type "S" Borosillicate/Soda Lime filtercombination for Method A.

3.2.1.2 Temperature Sensor. Black StandardTemperature (BST).

3.2.1.3Chamber (Dry Bulb) Temperature.Active.

3.2.1.4Rack Panel.Temperature.Active.

3.2.1.5Radiation.Controlled at 420 nm.

3.2 2Method B. Test equipment according toISO 105-B06 with exposure apparatus B or C shallbe used.

3.2.3 Method C. Test equipment according toISO 105-B06 with exposure apparatus B with4IR+3WG or 10 WG filter system shall be used.

3.2.4 Method D. Test equipment according toISO 105-B06 for exposure condition Number Fiveor SAE J2414/SAE J2413.

3.2.5 White-Standard Thermometer. The WhiteStandard thermometer is in accordance with theBlack Standard thermometer of ISO 105-B06.However,the metal plate is provided with a whitecover according to ISO 4892-1 .

3.3 Test Vehicle/Test Piece. Test materialaccording to ISO 105-B06 shall be used.

3.4 Test Time. The timing will be set based on thematerial specification requirement.

3.5 Test Required Information. Not applicable.

3.6 Personnel/Skills. Not applicable.

4 Procedure

Test specimens are exposed in a xenon-arcweathering device to artificial weatheringconditions which simulate extreme environmentalconditions encountered inside a vehicle due tosunlight, heat, and/or humidity. Test specimens arethen evaluated for colorfastness (fade) or othermodes of degradation.

4.1 Preparation. Test samples shall be preparedaccording to ISO 105-B06.

A conditioning to GMW3221 StandardConditioning of Organic Materials is notrequired.

4.2 Conditions.

4.2.1 Environmental Conditions. See 4.3.1

4 2.2 Test Conditions. Deviations from therequirements of this standard shall have beenagreed upon. Such requirements Shall be specifiedon component drawings, test certificates, reports,etc.

4.3.1 Exposure Conditions.

4.3.1.1Method A. Exposure conditions accordingto ISO 105-B06 Condition Three, but withparameters according to Table 1. Exposure beginsin the Dark Period. The Dark and Light Periods arealternated until the required exposure level ofkilojoules per square meter (kJ/m2) is met. Thetiming for the Light Period only is calculated fromthe required radiant exposure as:

t=Q/(E X 3.6)

Where:

Q is the radiant exposure expressed inkilojoules per square meter

Eis the irradiance expressed in watts per square meter (or joules per square metersecond)

tis the time expressed in hours

3.6 is the conversion factor expressed inkiloseconds per hour

Appendix B identifies timing for typical requiredirradiation values.

Table 1: Exposure Conditions for Method A

Note 1:Method A consists of five alternating Dark Periods 1 h per each period) and five light Periods (3.8 h per each period) in a 24 hduration with the test beginning in the Dark Period.

4.3.1.2 Method B. Exposure conditions shall beaccording to ISO 105-B06 Condition Three but withhumidity of O to 20% relative humidity (RH).

In addition to the Black Standard Temperature of+100 ℃, a white Standard Temperature of +76±1 ℃ is observed for information only.

The timing (number of cycles) for the wide bandexposure is calculated per the equation in 4.3.1.1.

Appendix B displays timing for typical requiredradiant exposure values.

4.3.1.3 Method C. Exposure conditions shall beaccording to ISO 105-B06 Condition One but withhumidity of O t0 20% RH.

In addition to the Black Standard Temperature of+115 ℃， a White Standard Temperature of 75±1 ℃ is observed for information only.

The timing (number of cycles) for the wide bandexposure is calculated per the equation in 4.3.1.1.

Appendix B displays timing for typical requiredradiant exposure values.

4.3.1.4Method D. Exposure conditions shall beaccording to ISO 105-B06 Condition Five orSAE J2412/SAE J2413.

4.3.2 Exposure. Exposure shall be according toISO 105-B06. The exposure shall be continueduntil the required radiant exposure value asSpecified in the relevant material specification hasbeen reached. The time until the required radiantexposure value has been reached is noted.

5 Data

5.1 Calculations. Visual assessment forcolorfastness shall be made by a person with atrained eye. Compare the test specimen to acontrol sample and the gray scale (refer toISO 105-A02) under standard lighting defined inGMW6992. All comparisons shall be made withlike sized evaluation areas.

Perform color and gloss measurements, ifapplicable.

Calculate the differences between the unexposedcontrol sample of the start of test values of theunexposed sample and the exposed testspecimen.

Degradation evaluations to be completed andreported according to the methods defined in therelevant material specification.

5.2 Interpretation of Results.

5.2.1 Report the color change rating from visualassessment at required exposure level. Note anyappearance or degradation changes seen that arenot included on the color change rating scale.

5.2.2If required, report the color machinemeasurements for color change using theCIELAB D65/10° measurements for DE*, DL*, DC*, DH*, Da*, Db* at each required exposurelevel.

5.2.3 If required, for information only, provideStandard Reference Manual (SRM) data for thedays the test specimen was being tested.

5.2.4 Report all test parameters according tomaterial specification.

5.3Test Documentation. The results of the testswill be recorded in the Test Report.

6 Safety

This standard may involve hazardous materials,operations, and equipment. This standard does notpropose to address all the safety problemsassociated with its use. It is the responsibility of theuser of this standard to establish appropriate safetyand health practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.